What is irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder affecting the large intestine. Only a small number of those with IBS experience severe symptoms and many can control their symptoms with lifestyle changes. However, IBS is a chronic condition that requires long-term management. The condition does not affect changes in bowel tissue and does not increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) is a type of irritable bowel syndrome that results in constipation occurring with abdominal discomfort and bloating.

What are the causes and symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with constipation? 

While the cause of IBS-C is unknown, some medical professionals believe that it could be related to changes in how the intestines move or contract. It is hypothesized that it might also be connected to how the gut senses pain. For certain patients, IBS-C may occur after an infection in the gut. Some believe it may also be related to changes in how the brain communicates with the intestines. Other evidence suggests that it may be connected to the composition of bacteria in the gut, the immune system, or genetics.

IBS-C may include symptoms such as bloating, gas, abdominal pain and discomfort, changes in bowel function, infrequent bowel movements, hard or lumpy stools, straining to pass stools, and the feeling that the bowel does not completely empty. Patients may experience the need to press on a certain part of the body or change their position in order to pass a stool. Patients may experience symptoms of IBS-C on and off, and their abdominal discomfort will often improve after bowel movements.

What is the diagnosis and treatment like for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation?

In order to diagnose irritable bowel syndrome with constipation, a doctor will conduct a physical exam and look at the patient’s medical history. Doctors may use the Rome criteria, which is a list of specific symptoms and factors, to determine if the patient has IBS-C. If the patient is suffering from a change in bowel habits or abdominal discomfort and pain, they meet the most important criteria for diagnosing IBS-C. The diagnosis for IBS-C cannot be confirmed through lab or imaging tests. However, lab or imaging tests may be used to rule out other conditions.

While IBS-C can affect a patient’s quality of life, the condition is not life-threatening. Treatment for IBS-C aims to reduce the symptoms of the condition and focuses on improving bowel function. Treatment for IBS-C can include medication, treatments that target bacteria, lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and psychosocial therapy. Medications can include antispasmodics, laxatives, stool softeners, pro-secretory agents, and anti-depressants.

Patients with chronic symptoms of IBS-C should talk to their doctor about treatment options. Treatment for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation can improve bowel function and quality of life.